專利名稱::治療胰腺癌的組合物和方法本申請(qǐng)要求了2004年3月24日提交的美國(guó)臨時(shí)申請(qǐng)No.60/555,809的權(quán)利,在此并入它的全部?jī)?nèi)容作為參考。
背景技術(shù):
:本發(fā)明涉及生物科學(xué)的領(lǐng)域,更具體地是涉及癌癥研究的領(lǐng)域。具體地說(shuō),本發(fā)明涉及了組合物,該組合物包含能抑制編碼PCDH1、CDH3或GPR107的基因的表達(dá)的核酸。在一些實(shí)施方案中,該化合物是對(duì)應(yīng)于這些基因的子序列的小干擾RNA(smallinterferingRNA,siRNA)。
背景技術(shù):
:西方國(guó)家中,胰管腺癌(Pancreaticductaladenocarcinoma,PDACa)是癌癥死亡的第五個(gè)主要的原因,在任何惡性程度下都是致死率最高的幾種癌癥之一,5年的存活率僅有4%。在美國(guó),每年估計(jì)有30700名病人被診斷為胰腺癌,而且近30000名病人死于胰腺癌。絕大部分患者在該疾病的晚期得到診斷,在這個(gè)階段該疾病對(duì)現(xiàn)有的療法都不起反應(yīng),而病人只能生存幾個(gè)月。只有手術(shù)切除才有可能治愈PDACa,但是只有10-20%的PDACa患者能接受可能根治的切除,而且即使在根治性手術(shù)后,也有80-90%的患者會(huì)出現(xiàn)復(fù)發(fā)而死于PDACa。在也接受吉西他濱(gemcitabine)和/或放射線化學(xué)治療的患者中,術(shù)后的結(jié)果或生活質(zhì)量出現(xiàn)一些改善,但是這些方法對(duì)患者長(zhǎng)期生存的影響卻極小,因?yàn)镻DACa會(huì)對(duì)任何一種治療方法都有強(qiáng)烈的抗性?;谶@種原因,對(duì)大多數(shù)患者的治療都集中于緩解病情上。因此,當(dāng)前對(duì)于胰腺癌的治療來(lái)說(shuō)十分緊迫的問(wèn)題是建立一種新的PDACa分子治療方法和鑒定出新的PDACa治療性分子靶物。發(fā)明的公開(kāi)本發(fā)明是基于一個(gè)驚人的發(fā)現(xiàn),即抑制PCDH1,CDH3或GPR107的表達(dá)可以有效地抑制多種癌細(xì)胞的細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng),包括那些PDACa中涉及的細(xì)胞。本申請(qǐng)中所描述的發(fā)明部分地基于這一發(fā)現(xiàn)。本發(fā)明提供了抑制細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)的方法。在所述方法中,提供了包括將細(xì)胞與包含小干擾RNA(siRNA)的組合物接觸,該siRNA抑制PCDH1,CDH3或GPR107的表達(dá)的方法。本發(fā)明也提供了抑制受試者中腫瘤細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)的方法。這些方法包括給受試者施用包含小干擾RNA(siRNA)的組合物,其中siRNA可與來(lái)自PCDH1,CDH3或GPR107的序列特異性地雜交。本發(fā)明的另一方面,提供了在生物樣本的細(xì)胞中抑制PCDH1,CDH3或GPR107基因表達(dá)的方法。通過(guò)以足夠抑制PCDH1,CDH3或GPR107基因的表達(dá)的量將雙鏈核糖核酸(RNA)分子導(dǎo)入細(xì)胞,可以抑制所述基因的表達(dá)。另一方面,本發(fā)明涉及例如在所提供的方法中有用的產(chǎn)品,其包括核酸序列,載體以及包含它們的組合物。在所述產(chǎn)品中提供了siRNA分子,所述siRNA分子具有這樣的性質(zhì)當(dāng)它們被導(dǎo)入到表達(dá)PCDH1,CDH3或GPR107基因的細(xì)胞中時(shí),抑制這些基因的表達(dá)。這樣的分子中包括那些包含了有義和反義鏈的分子,其中所述有義鏈包含與PCDH1,CDH3或GPR107靶序列相對(duì)應(yīng)的核糖核苷酸序列,而其中所述反義鏈包含與該有義鏈互補(bǔ)的核糖核苷酸序列。所述分子的有義鏈和反義鏈互相雜交形成雙鏈分子。本申請(qǐng)中使用的術(shù)語(yǔ)“生物體”是指任何有生命的、包括至少一個(gè)細(xì)胞的實(shí)體。有生命的生物體可以像例如單真核細(xì)胞那樣簡(jiǎn)單,或者像哺乳動(dòng)物包括人那樣復(fù)雜。本申請(qǐng)中使用的術(shù)語(yǔ)“生物樣本”是指一個(gè)完整的生物體或生物體的組織、細(xì)胞或組成部分的亞類(subset)(如體液,包括但不限于血液、粘液、淋巴液、滑液、腦脊液、唾液、羊水、羊膜索(amnioticcord)血、尿液、陰道液和精液)。此外,“生物樣本”還可指勻漿、裂解產(chǎn)物、提取物、細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)物或組織培養(yǎng)物,其由完整的生物體或其組織、細(xì)胞或組成部分的亞類,或其級(jí)分或部分制備。最后,“生物樣本”指培養(yǎng)基,例如在其中生物體已經(jīng)增殖的營(yíng)養(yǎng)肉湯或凝膠,該培養(yǎng)基中包含細(xì)胞組分,例如蛋白質(zhì)或核酸分子。本發(fā)明重點(diǎn)描述了抑制細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)的方法。通過(guò)使細(xì)胞同PCDH1,CDH3或GPR107的小干擾RNA(siRNA)的組合物接觸來(lái)抑制細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)。該細(xì)胞進(jìn)一步同轉(zhuǎn)染增強(qiáng)劑相接觸。細(xì)胞以體外、體內(nèi)或離體提供。受試者是哺乳動(dòng)物,如人、非人的靈長(zhǎng)類動(dòng)物、小鼠、大鼠、狗、貓、馬或牛。所述細(xì)胞是胰管細(xì)胞?;蛘?,所述細(xì)胞是腫瘤細(xì)胞(即癌細(xì)胞),如癌細(xì)胞或腺癌細(xì)胞。例如,所述細(xì)胞是胰管腺癌細(xì)胞。抑制細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)意味著處理的細(xì)胞與未處理的細(xì)胞相比,增殖的速率較低,或生存力(viability)降低。通過(guò)本領(lǐng)域中已知的增殖測(cè)定法來(lái)測(cè)定細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)。術(shù)語(yǔ)“siRNA”是指一種雙鏈的RNA分子,它阻斷目標(biāo)mRNA的翻譯。采用了將siRNA導(dǎo)入細(xì)胞的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)技術(shù),其中包括DNA為模板由其轉(zhuǎn)錄RNA的技術(shù)。siRNA包含有義的PCDH1,CDH3或GPR107核酸序列、反義的PCDH1,CDH3或GPR107核酸序列、或二者。所述siRNA可能包含兩個(gè)互補(bǔ)的分子,或者可以如此構(gòu)建,以使得單個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)錄本同時(shí)具有來(lái)自目的基因的有義和互補(bǔ)的反義序列,例如發(fā)夾結(jié)構(gòu),在一些實(shí)施方案中,這導(dǎo)致微小RNA(miRNA)的產(chǎn)生。本方法用來(lái)改變例如由于細(xì)胞的惡性轉(zhuǎn)化而導(dǎo)致PCDH1,CDH3或GPR107的表達(dá)上調(diào)的細(xì)胞中的基因表達(dá)。在靶細(xì)胞中,siRNA同PCDH1,CDH3或GPR107的轉(zhuǎn)錄本相結(jié)合導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生PCDH1,CDH3或GPR107的減少。該寡核苷酸的長(zhǎng)度為至少約10個(gè)核苷酸,并可與天然存在的PCDH1,CDH3或GPR107轉(zhuǎn)錄本一樣長(zhǎng)。優(yōu)選地,該寡核苷酸的長(zhǎng)度為大約19個(gè)到大約25個(gè)核苷酸。最優(yōu)選地,該寡核苷酸的長(zhǎng)度少于大約75個(gè),大約50個(gè),或大約25個(gè)核苷酸。在哺乳動(dòng)物細(xì)胞中抑制PCDH1,CDH3或GPR107表達(dá)的PCDH1,CDH3或GPR107的siRNA寡核苷酸的例子包括分別含有靶序列例如SEQIDNOs22,23或24的核苷酸的寡核苷酸。設(shè)計(jì)具有在靶細(xì)胞中抑制基因表達(dá)的能力的雙鏈RNA的方法是已知的(參見(jiàn)如美國(guó)專利No.6,506,559,在此并入它的全部?jī)?nèi)容作為參考)。例如,由Ambion網(wǎng)站可得到用于設(shè)計(jì)siRNAs的計(jì)算機(jī)程序(http//www.ambion.com/techlib/misc/siRNA_finder.html)。該計(jì)算機(jī)程序可從Ambion,Inc.獲得,其根據(jù)下面的步驟來(lái)選擇用于siRNA合成的核苷酸序列。siRNA目標(biāo)位點(diǎn)的選擇1.以轉(zhuǎn)錄本的起始密碼子AUG開(kāi)始,向下游尋找AA二核苷酸序列。記錄每一處AA和其3’端相鄰的19個(gè)核苷酸的出現(xiàn)作為可能的siRNA目標(biāo)位點(diǎn)。Tuschl等人不推薦在5’和3’非翻譯區(qū)(UTR)和起始密碼子附近區(qū)域(75個(gè)堿基以內(nèi))設(shè)計(jì)siRNA(TargetedmRNAdegradationbydouble-strandedRNAinvitro.GenesDev13(24)3191-7(1999)),因?yàn)檫@些區(qū)域可能更富含調(diào)節(jié)蛋白的結(jié)合位點(diǎn)。UTR結(jié)合蛋白和/或翻譯起始復(fù)合物可干擾siRNA核酸內(nèi)切酶復(fù)合物的結(jié)合。2.將可能的目標(biāo)位點(diǎn)同適當(dāng)?shù)幕蚪M數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)(人、小鼠、大鼠等等)進(jìn)行對(duì)比,并排除任何與其他編碼序列具有顯著的同源性的靶序列。推薦使用BLAST,其可以在NCBI服務(wù)器上找到,網(wǎng)址為www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/BLAST/。3.選擇合格的靶序列用于合成。通常沿著基因的長(zhǎng)度來(lái)選擇幾個(gè)靶序列來(lái)評(píng)價(jià)。本發(fā)明還包含分離的核酸分子,其包含靶序列的核酸序列,例如SEQIDNOs22,23和24的核苷酸,或者與SEQIDNOs22,23和24的核苷酸的核酸序列互補(bǔ)的核酸分子。本文使用的“分離的核酸”是指脫離它們的原本的環(huán)境(如,若其為天然存在的,則指自然環(huán)境),并由此合成性地由其自然狀態(tài)改變的核酸。本發(fā)明中,分離的核酸包括DNA、RNA以及它們的衍生物。當(dāng)分離的核酸是RNA或它的衍生物時(shí),核苷酸序列中的堿基“t”應(yīng)被替換為“u”。本文使用的術(shù)語(yǔ)“互補(bǔ)”是指核酸分子的核苷酸單位之間的Watson-Crick或Hoogsteen堿基配對(duì),而術(shù)語(yǔ)“結(jié)合”是指兩個(gè)核酸或化合物或相關(guān)的核酸或化合物或者其組合之間的物理或化學(xué)的相互作用。互補(bǔ)核酸序列在適當(dāng)?shù)臈l件下雜交以形成穩(wěn)定的雙螺旋(duplex)結(jié)構(gòu),其包含極少的錯(cuò)配或不包含錯(cuò)配。對(duì)本發(fā)明而言,具有5個(gè)或更少的錯(cuò)配的兩個(gè)序列被認(rèn)為是互補(bǔ)的。而且本發(fā)明的分離的核苷酸的有義和反義鏈通過(guò)雜交可以形成雙鏈核苷酸或發(fā)夾環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu)。在優(yōu)選的實(shí)施方案中,這樣的雙螺旋在每10個(gè)配對(duì)中包含不多于1個(gè)錯(cuò)配。在一個(gè)特別優(yōu)選的實(shí)施方案中,雙螺旋的兩條鏈完全互補(bǔ),這樣的雙螺旋不含有錯(cuò)配。對(duì)于PCDH1,CDH3或GPR107,核酸分子的長(zhǎng)度分別小于3851,3205或6840個(gè)核苷酸。例如,所述核酸分子的長(zhǎng)度小于約500,約200或約75個(gè)核苷酸。本發(fā)明還包括含有一種或多種本文所述的核酸的載體,以及含有該載體的細(xì)胞。本發(fā)明的分離的核酸用于抗PCDH1,CDH3或GPR107的siRNA,或者編碼該siRNA的DNA。當(dāng)所述核酸用于siRNA或者編碼siRNA的DNA時(shí),有義鏈優(yōu)選長(zhǎng)于約19個(gè)核苷酸,更優(yōu)選長(zhǎng)于21個(gè)核苷酸。本發(fā)明部分地基于下面的發(fā)現(xiàn)在胰管腺癌(PDACa)中,同非癌性胰組織相比,編碼PCDH1,CDH3或GPR107的基因過(guò)量表達(dá)。PCDH1,CDH3或GPR107的cDNA長(zhǎng)度為3851,3205或6840個(gè)核苷酸。PCDH1,CDH3或GPR107的核酸序列和多肽序列分別顯示在SEQIDNO1和2,3和4或5和6。這些序列數(shù)據(jù)也可通過(guò)下面的登錄號(hào)得到。PCDH1(CFUPC)L11370,NM_002587CDH3X63629,NM_001793GPR107NM_032925,NM_020960,(KIAA1624R39794)AB046844包含SEQIDNOs22,23和24的siRNAs的轉(zhuǎn)染導(dǎo)致PDACa細(xì)胞系的生長(zhǎng)抑制。PCDH1(CFUPC)屬于原鈣黏著蛋白家族(protocadherinfamily),其是鈣依賴的細(xì)胞-細(xì)胞粘附的分子的鈣黏著蛋白超家族(cadherinsuperfamily)中最大的亞族。許多原鈣黏著蛋在中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)中高表達(dá),它們可能在神經(jīng)回路發(fā)生和突觸傳遞調(diào)節(jié)中發(fā)揮作用(SanoK,TaniharaH,HeimarkRL,ObataS,DavidsonM,StJohnT,TaketaniS,SuzukiS.Protocadherinsalargefamilyofcadherin-relatedmoleculesincentralnervoussystem.EMBOJ.,122249-56,1993.FrankM,andKemlerR.Protocadherins.CurrOpinCellBiol.,14557-62,2002)。但是,PCDH1在胰腺癌細(xì)胞中十分豐富,中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)中卻不豐富(圖3A),它的功能還不清楚。CDH3也是鈣黏著蛋白家族中一個(gè)典型成員(ShimoyamaY,YoshidaT,TeradaM,ShimosatoY,AbeO,HirohashiS.MolecularcloningofahumanCa2+-dependentcell-celladhesionmoleculehomologoustomouseplacentalcadherinitslowexpressioninhumanplacentaltissues.JCellBiol.,1091787-94.1989),它們通過(guò)其保守的胞內(nèi)域與聯(lián)蛋白(catenins)和細(xì)胞骨架(cytoskeletons)連接,介導(dǎo)控制細(xì)胞極性、分化、運(yùn)動(dòng)和細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)的信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)(ChristoforiG.Changingneighbors,changingbehaviorcelladhesionmolecules-mediatedsignalingduringtumorprogression.EMBOJ.,22,2318-2323,2003)。但是,與E-鈣黏著蛋白或N-鈣黏著蛋白不同,CDH3的功能還不清楚。在乳腺和卵巢中觀察到了它的表達(dá),在乳腺癌和前列腺癌中報(bào)道了表達(dá)的喪失(loss),盡管乳腺癌中的P-鈣黏著蛋白的表達(dá)與較差的預(yù)后相關(guān)聯(lián)((PeraltaSolerA,KnudsenKA,SalazarH,HanAC,KeshgegianAA.P-cadherinexpressioninbreastcarcinomaindicatespoorsurvival.Cancer,861263-1272.1999)。GPR107(KIAA1624)是有七次跨膜結(jié)構(gòu)(seventransmembrane)的G蛋白偶聯(lián)受體(Gprotein-coupledreceptors,GPCR)的一種。當(dāng)前有很大一部分處方藥靶向一個(gè)或多個(gè)GPCR,而對(duì)于大部分主要的治療區(qū)域,在某種程度上通過(guò)幾種以GPCR為基礎(chǔ)的藥物起作用。很明顯,就藥物發(fā)現(xiàn)的潛力而言,GPCRs的排位是最高的。如Northern印跡分析(圖3C)所示,GPR107在正常的心臟、胎盤(pán)、骨骼肌、前列腺、睪丸、卵巢和脊髓中無(wú)限制地表達(dá)。但是,GPR107在重要的生命器官中豐度較低,這說(shuō)明靶向這些分子可望在人體內(nèi)產(chǎn)生較低的毒性。抑制細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)的方法本發(fā)明涉及通過(guò)抑制PCDH1,CDH3或GPR107的表達(dá)來(lái)抑制細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng),即癌細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)。PCDH1,CDH3或GPR107的表達(dá),例如,通過(guò)特異性地靶向PCDH1,CDH3或GPR107基因的小干擾RNA(siRNA)而被抑制。PCDH1,CDH3或GPR107靶物包括,例如,SEQIDNOs22,23和24的核苷酸。在非哺乳動(dòng)物細(xì)胞中,已顯示雙鏈RNA(dsRNA)對(duì)基因表達(dá)發(fā)揮很強(qiáng)的特異的沉默作用,這被稱為RNA干擾(RNAi)(SharpPA.RNAianddouble-strandRNA.GenesDev.1999Jan15;13(2)139-41.)。dsRNA被含有RNaseIII基序的酶加工成20-23個(gè)核苷酸的dsRNA,稱為小干擾RNA(siRNA)。所述siRNA與多組分核酸酶復(fù)合物一起特異地靶向互補(bǔ)的mRNA(HammondSM,BernsteinE,BeachD,HannonGJ.AnRNA-directednucleasemediatespost-transcriptionalgenesilencinginDrosophilacells.Nature.2000Mar16;404(6775)293-6;HannonGJ.RNAinterference.Nature.2002Jul11;418(6894)244-51.)。在哺乳動(dòng)物細(xì)胞中,由20或21-merdsRNA構(gòu)成的、具有19個(gè)互補(bǔ)的核苷酸和3’末端非互補(bǔ)的胸腺嘧啶或尿嘧啶二聚體的siRNA,已顯示具有基因特異性的knock-down作用而不導(dǎo)致基因表達(dá)的全局性變化(ElbashirSM,HarborthJ,LendeckelW,YalcinA,WeberK,TuschlT.Duplexesof21-nucleotideRNAsmediateRNAinterferenceinculturedmammaliancells.Nature.2001May24;411(6836)494-8.)。另外,含有核內(nèi)小RNA(smallnuclearRNA,snRNA)U6或聚合酶IIIH1-RNA啟動(dòng)子的質(zhì)粒有效地產(chǎn)生這種募集第III類RNA聚合酶III的短RNA,從而能夠組成性地抑制其目標(biāo)mRNA(MiyagishiM,TairaK.U6promoter-drivensiRNAswithfoururidine3′overhangsefficientlysuppresstargetedgeneexpressioninmammaliancells.NatBiotechnol.2002May;20(5)497-500.;BrummelkampTR,BernardsR,AgamiR.ASystemforStableExpressionofShortInterferingRNAsinMammalianCellsScience.296(5567)550-553,April19,2002.)。通過(guò)將細(xì)胞與含有PCDH1,CDH3或GPR107的siRNA的組合物接觸來(lái)抑制細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)。進(jìn)一步將該細(xì)胞與轉(zhuǎn)染試劑接觸。合適的轉(zhuǎn)染試劑是本領(lǐng)域已知的。抑制細(xì)胞的生長(zhǎng)意味著同沒(méi)有暴露于所述組合物的細(xì)胞相比,細(xì)胞以更低的速率增殖或具有降低的生存力。通過(guò)本領(lǐng)域已知的方法,如MTT細(xì)胞增殖試驗(yàn)來(lái)測(cè)定細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)。所述PCDH1,CDH3或GPR107的siRNA定向于PCDH1,CDH3或GPR107基因序列的單一靶物?;蛘?,所述siRNA定向于PCDH1,CDH3或GPR107基因序列的多個(gè)靶物。例如,所述組合物含有定向于PCDH1,CDH3或GPR107的2個(gè),3個(gè),4個(gè),或5個(gè)或者更多靶序列的PCDH1,CDH3或GPR107的siRNA。PCDH1,CDH3或GPR107靶序列是指與PCDH1,CDH3或GPR107基因的一部分相同的核苷酸序列。靶序列可包括人PCDH1,CDH3或GPR107基因的5’端非翻譯(UT)區(qū)、開(kāi)放閱讀框(ORF)或者3’端非翻譯區(qū)。或者,所述siRNA是同PCDH1,CDH3或GPR107基因表達(dá)的上游或下游調(diào)節(jié)序列(modulator)互補(bǔ)的核酸序列。上游和下游調(diào)節(jié)序列的例子包括同PCDH1,CDH3或GPR107基因啟動(dòng)子結(jié)合的轉(zhuǎn)錄因子、同PCDH1,CDH3或GPR107多肽相互作用的激酶或磷酸酶、PCDH1,CDH3或GPR107啟動(dòng)子或者增強(qiáng)子。同目標(biāo)mRNA雜交的PCDH1,CDH3或GPR107的siRNA減少或抑制由PCDH1,CDH3或GPR107基因編碼的PCDH1,CDH3或GPR107多肽產(chǎn)物的產(chǎn)生,這是通過(guò)與正常的單鏈mRNA轉(zhuǎn)錄本結(jié)合,從而干擾翻譯,并由此干擾所述蛋白的表達(dá)。所以本發(fā)明的siRNA分子可定義為它們?cè)趪?yán)格的條件下,同來(lái)自PCDH1,CDH3或GPR107基因的mRNA或cDNA特異性雜交的能力。對(duì)本發(fā)明而言,術(shù)語(yǔ)“雜交”或“特異性雜交”用于指在“嚴(yán)格的雜交條件”下,兩種核酸分子雜交的能力。術(shù)語(yǔ)“嚴(yán)格的雜交條件”是指在此條件下,通常是在核酸的復(fù)雜混合物中,核酸分子與其靶序列雜交,而與其它序列不發(fā)生可檢測(cè)的雜交。嚴(yán)格的條件是序列依賴性的,而且在不同的環(huán)境下是不同的。序列越長(zhǎng),特異性雜交的溫度越高。詳細(xì)的關(guān)于核酸雜交的指導(dǎo)見(jiàn)于Tijssen,TechniquesinBiochemistryandMolecularBiology--HybridizationwithNucleicProbes,“Overviewofprinciplesofhybridizationandthestrategyofnucleicacidassays”(1993)。一般而言,在特定的離子強(qiáng)度和pH值條件下,嚴(yán)格條件選擇為比特定序列的熔點(diǎn)(Tm)低大約5-10℃。所述Tm是指(在特定離子強(qiáng)度、pH值和核酸濃度下)大約50%的與靶物互補(bǔ)的探針同靶序列在平衡狀態(tài)雜交的溫度(由于靶序列過(guò)量存在,在Tm下,平衡時(shí)50%的探針被占據(jù))。嚴(yán)格的條件也可以通過(guò)添加去穩(wěn)定試劑如甲酰胺達(dá)到。對(duì)于選擇性或特異性雜交,陽(yáng)性信號(hào)至少為背景的2倍,優(yōu)選是背景雜交的10倍。下面可為示例性的嚴(yán)格雜交條件50%的甲酰胺,5xSSC和1%SDS,孵育溫度為42℃;或者5x的SSC和1%SDS,孵育溫度為65℃,在0.2x的SSC和0.1%SDS在50℃洗滌。本發(fā)明的siRNA的長(zhǎng)度小于約500個(gè),約200個(gè)、約100個(gè)、約50個(gè),或約25個(gè)核苷酸。優(yōu)選地,該siRNA長(zhǎng)度為約19個(gè)到約25個(gè)核苷酸。示例性的用于生產(chǎn)PCDH1,CDH3或GPR107siRNA的核酸序列分別包含SEQIDNos22,23或24的核苷酸序列作為靶序列。此外,為了增強(qiáng)siRNA的抑制活性,可在靶序列的反義鏈的3’末端添加核苷酸“U”。待添加的“U”的數(shù)目最少為約2個(gè),一般情況是約2個(gè)到約10個(gè),優(yōu)選約2個(gè)到約5個(gè)。添加的“U”在該siRNA的反義鏈的3’末端形成單鏈。細(xì)胞是任何表達(dá)或過(guò)表達(dá)PCDH1,CDH3或GPR107的細(xì)胞。該細(xì)胞是上皮細(xì)胞如胰管細(xì)胞?;蛘?,該細(xì)胞是腫瘤細(xì)胞,例如如癌、腺癌、母細(xì)胞瘤、白血病、骨髓瘤或者肉瘤。所述細(xì)胞是胰管腺癌細(xì)胞。PCDH1,CDH3或GPR107的siRNA以能同mRNA轉(zhuǎn)錄本相結(jié)合的形式直接導(dǎo)入細(xì)胞?;蛘?,編碼PCDH1,CDH3或GPR107的siRNA的DNA在載體中。載體通過(guò)例如下面的方式來(lái)產(chǎn)生將PCDH1,CDH3或GPR107靶序列克隆到表達(dá)載體中,其可操作地連接于調(diào)控序列,所述調(diào)控序列以使得兩條鏈都(通過(guò)DNA分子的轉(zhuǎn)錄)表達(dá)的方式位于該P(yáng)CDH1,CDH3或GPR107序列的側(cè)翼,(Lee,N.S.,Dohjima,T.,Bauer,G.,Li,H.,Li,M.-J.,Ehsani,A.,Salvaterra,P.,andRossi,J.(2002)ExpressionofsmallinterferingRNAstargetedagainstHIV-1revtranscriptsinhumancells.NatureBiotechnology20500-505.)。由第一個(gè)啟動(dòng)子(如克隆的DNA的3’啟動(dòng)子序列)轉(zhuǎn)錄與PCDH1,CDH3或GPR107mRNA反義的RNA分子,另外由第二個(gè)啟動(dòng)子(如克隆的DNA的5’啟動(dòng)子)轉(zhuǎn)錄出PCDH1,CDH3或GPR107mRNA的有義鏈的RNA分子。有義和反義鏈在體內(nèi)雜交以產(chǎn)生siRNA構(gòu)建體用于使PCDH1,CDH3或GPR107基因沉默。或者,用兩種構(gòu)建體來(lái)產(chǎn)生siRNA構(gòu)建體的有義和反義鏈??寺〉腜CDH1,CDH3或GPR107也可編碼具有二級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu),如發(fā)夾結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)建體,其中單個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)錄本同時(shí)具有來(lái)自靶基因的有義序列和互補(bǔ)的反義序列。由任意的核苷酸序列組成的環(huán)序列可以位于有義和反義序列之間以形成發(fā)夾環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu)。因此,本發(fā)明也提供了具有通式5’-[A]-[B]-[A’]-3’的siRNA,其中[A]是與同來(lái)自PCDH1,CDH3或GPR107的mRNA或cDNA特異性雜交的序列相對(duì)應(yīng)的核糖核苷酸序列。在更優(yōu)選的實(shí)施方案中,[A]是與選自SEQIDNos22,23和24的核苷酸的序列相對(duì)應(yīng)的核糖核苷酸序列,[B]是由3-23個(gè)核苷酸組成的核糖核苷酸序列,且[A’]是由[A]的互補(bǔ)序列組成的核糖核苷酸序列。[A]區(qū)同序列[A’]雜交,然后形成由[B]區(qū)組成的環(huán)。環(huán)序列的長(zhǎng)度優(yōu)選可為約3個(gè)到約23個(gè)核苷酸。例如,環(huán)序列可選自下列序列(http//www.ambion.com/techlib/tb/tb506.html)。此外,由23個(gè)核苷酸組成的環(huán)序列也提供具活性的siRNA(Jacque,J.-M.,Triques,K.,andStevenson,M.(2002)ModulationofHIV-1replicationbyRNAinterference.Nature418435-438)。CCC,CCACC或者CCACACCJacque,J.M.,Triques,K.,andStevenson,M(2002)ModulationofHIV-1replicationbyRNAinterference.Nature,Vol.418435-438。UUCGLee,N.S.,Dohjima,T.,Bauer,G.,Li,H.,Li,M.-J.,Ehsani,A.,Salvaterra,P.,andRossi,J.(2002)ExpressionofsmallinterferingRNAstargetedagainstHIV-1revtranscriptsinhumancells.NatureBiotechnology20500-505.Fruscoloni,P.,Zamboni,M.,andTocchini-Valentini,G.P.(2003)Exonucleolyticdegradationofdouble-strandedRNAbyanactivityinXenopuslaevisgerminalvesicles.Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA100(4)1639-1644。UUCAAGAGADykxhoorn,D.M.,Novina,C.D.,andSharp,P.A.(2002)KillingthemessengerShortRNAsthatsilencegeneexpression.NatureReviewsMolecularCellBiology4457-467。例如,本發(fā)明優(yōu)選的帶有發(fā)夾環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu)的siRNAs如下所示。在下列的結(jié)構(gòu)中,所述環(huán)序列可選自CCC,UUCG,CCACC,CCACACC和UUCAAGAGA。優(yōu)選的環(huán)序列是UUCAAGAGA(DNA序列為ttcaagaga(SEQIDNO35))。GACAUCAAUGACAACACAC-[B]-GUGUGUUGUCAUUGAUGUC(SEQIDNO22的靶序列)GGAGACAGGCUGGUUGUUG-[B]-CAACAACCAGCCUGUCUCC(SEQIDNO23的靶序列)GUGGCUCUACCAGCUCCUG-[B]-CAGGAGCUGGUAGAGCCAC(SEQIDNO24的靶序列)PCDH1,CDH3或GPR107序列側(cè)翼的調(diào)控序列是相同的或者是不同的,使得它們的表達(dá)可以被獨(dú)立地調(diào)節(jié),或者以時(shí)間的或空間的方式調(diào)節(jié)。通過(guò)將PCDH1,CDH3或GPR107基因模板克隆到載體中,可以在細(xì)胞內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)錄出siRNAs,其中所述表達(dá)載體包括,例如,來(lái)自于核內(nèi)小RNA(snRNA)U6或者人H1RNA啟動(dòng)子的RNA聚合酶III轉(zhuǎn)錄單位。為了將載體引入到細(xì)胞中,可使用轉(zhuǎn)染促進(jìn)劑(transfectionenhancingagent)。將FuGENE(RocheDiagnostices),Lipofectamine2000(Invitrogen),Oligofectamine(Invitrogen),和Nucleofector(WakopureChemical)用作轉(zhuǎn)染促進(jìn)劑。根據(jù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的方法,在體外檢測(cè)PCDH1,CDH3或GPR107mRNA中多個(gè)部分的寡核苷酸和互補(bǔ)寡核苷酸在腫瘤細(xì)胞(如使用胰腺細(xì)胞系,例如胰管腺癌(PDACa)細(xì)胞系)中減少PCDH1,CDH3或GPR107的能力。利用PCDH1,CDH3或GPR107的特異性抗體或其它檢測(cè)策略測(cè)定,與沒(méi)有候選siRNA組合物存在下培養(yǎng)的細(xì)胞相比,與候選siRNA組合物接觸的細(xì)胞中PCDH1,CDH3或GPR107基因產(chǎn)物減少。然后,檢測(cè)在體外的基于細(xì)胞或無(wú)細(xì)胞的分析中使PCDH1,CDH3或GPR107的產(chǎn)生減少的序列對(duì)于細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)的抑制作用。在小鼠或大鼠體內(nèi)檢測(cè)在體外基于細(xì)胞分析中抑制細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)的序列,以確證在具有惡性新生物的動(dòng)物中PCDH1,CDH3或GPR107產(chǎn)生的減少及腫瘤細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)的降低。治療惡性腫瘤的方法患有以過(guò)表達(dá)PCDH1,CDH3或GPR107為特征的腫瘤的患者通過(guò)施用PCDH1,CDH3或GPR107的siRNA來(lái)治療。在患有或具有發(fā)生例如胰管腺瘤(PDACa)的危險(xiǎn)的患者中,siRNA療法被用來(lái)抑制PCDH1,CDH3或GPR107的表達(dá)。通過(guò)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的方法來(lái)鑒定這些患者的具體腫瘤類型。胰管腺瘤(PDACa)例如通過(guò)CT,MRI,ERCP,MRCP,計(jì)算機(jī)X線斷層攝影術(shù)(computertomography)或超聲波來(lái)診斷。如果治療在受試者中產(chǎn)生臨床有益效果,例如PCDH1、CDH3或GPR107的表達(dá)減少,或腫瘤的大小、患病率(prevalence)或轉(zhuǎn)移可能性的降低等等,則該治療是有效的。當(dāng)預(yù)防性應(yīng)用治療時(shí),“有效”是指治療阻礙或防止腫瘤的形成,或者防止或緩解腫瘤的臨床癥狀的癥狀。有效性是結(jié)合任何用于診斷或治療特定的腫瘤種類的已知方法來(lái)確定的。siRNA治療是通過(guò)以編碼本發(fā)明的siRNA的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)載體和/或基因遞送系統(tǒng),例如通過(guò)遞送合成的siRNA分子對(duì)患者施用siRNA來(lái)進(jìn)行的。通常,合成的siRNA分子被化學(xué)穩(wěn)定化,以防止體內(nèi)核酸酶降解。制備化學(xué)穩(wěn)定化的RNA分子的方法在本領(lǐng)域是已知的。通常,這樣的分子包含修飾的骨架(backbones)和核苷酸以防止核糖核酸酶的作用。其它的修飾也是可能的,如膽固醇結(jié)合的siRNA已顯示了改善的藥學(xué)性質(zhì)(Songetal.NatureMed.9347-351(2003))。合適的基因遞送系統(tǒng)可包括脂質(zhì)體,受體介導(dǎo)的遞送系統(tǒng)(receptormediateddeliverysystems),或病毒載體例如皰疹病毒、逆轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒、腺病毒和腺相關(guān)病毒等等。治療的核酸組合物被配制到可藥用的載體中。治療的組合物也可以包括如上所述的基因遞送系統(tǒng)??伤幱玫妮d體是適合施用于動(dòng)物的生物相容性賦形劑(vehicle),例如生理鹽水。化合物的治療有效量是能產(chǎn)生醫(yī)學(xué)上預(yù)期效果的量,所述醫(yī)學(xué)上預(yù)期效果例如在受治療的動(dòng)物中減少PCDH1,CDH3或GPR107的產(chǎn)生,減少細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)如增殖,或者減少腫瘤生長(zhǎng)。胃腸外施用,如靜脈內(nèi)、皮下、肌肉內(nèi)和腹膜內(nèi)遞送途徑,可以用來(lái)遞送PCDH1,CDH3或GPR107的siRNA組合物,對(duì)于胰腺癌的治療,腹腔動(dòng)脈、脾動(dòng)脈或肝總動(dòng)脈直接注入都是有用的。任一患者的劑量取決于許多因素,包括患者身材的大小(size)、身體的表面積、年齡、所施用的具體核酸、性別、施用的時(shí)間和途徑、一般健康狀況和同時(shí)施用的其它藥物。靜脈內(nèi)施用的核酸的劑量為大約106至1022個(gè)拷貝的所述核酸分子。以標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方法施用多核苷酸,如通過(guò)注射到如肌肉或皮膚組織的間質(zhì)間隙(interstitialspace)中、導(dǎo)入到循環(huán)系統(tǒng)中或體腔中,或者通過(guò)吸入或吹入。多核苷酸也與可藥用的液體載體,例如水性或部分水性的液體載體一起通過(guò)注射或其他途徑遞送給動(dòng)物。多核苷酸同脂質(zhì)體(如陽(yáng)離子或陰離子脂質(zhì)體)相結(jié)合。多聚核酸中包括靶細(xì)胞表達(dá)所需要的遺傳信息,如啟動(dòng)子。除非另外限定,本文使用的所有技術(shù)和科學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ)具有同本發(fā)明所屬領(lǐng)域中普通技術(shù)人員的所通常理解的相同的意義。雖然與本文所描述的方法和材料類似或等價(jià)的方法和材料可用于本發(fā)明的實(shí)施或測(cè)試,但是合適的方法和材料如下所述。這里所提到的出版物、專利申請(qǐng)、專利和其它的參考文獻(xiàn)全部以其全文并入本文作為參考。在矛盾的情況下,以包括定義的本說(shuō)明書(shū)為準(zhǔn)。另外,所述材料、方法和實(shí)例僅僅是說(shuō)明性的,而不是限制性的。附圖簡(jiǎn)述圖1描述了通過(guò)RT-PCR顯示在PDACa細(xì)胞中過(guò)量表達(dá)PCDH1(A)和CDH3(B)的確認(rèn)結(jié)果的照片。來(lái)自同一個(gè)體的顯微切割的正常胰管上皮細(xì)胞(正常)和生命器官(肺、心臟、肝、腎和骨髓)的樣品,通過(guò)半定量RT-PCR進(jìn)行對(duì)比。圖2描述了顯示PDACa組織中免疫組織化學(xué)結(jié)果的照片。在胰管腺癌細(xì)胞中觀察到CDH3蛋白過(guò)量表達(dá),但是正常的胰管中卻沒(méi)有。圖3描述了每個(gè)胰腺癌靶基因在正常成年組織中的表達(dá)譜的Northern印跡分析的照片。(A)PCDH1,(B)CDH3和(C)GPR107。圖4描述了顯示用siRNAknockdownPDACa細(xì)胞PK-45P中內(nèi)源PCDH1的效果的照片。圖4(A)顯示RT-PCR的結(jié)果。該結(jié)果證實(shí),通過(guò)轉(zhuǎn)染siRNA表達(dá)載體410si而不是通過(guò)EGFPsi,確認(rèn)了PCH1mRNA的knockdown作用。410si被特異性地設(shè)計(jì)為用于PCDH1mRNA序列,而EGFP用于EGFPmRNA的序列。轉(zhuǎn)染48小時(shí)后收獲RNA進(jìn)行分析。用ACTB將輸入的cDNA進(jìn)行歸一化。圖4(B)是顯示集落形成試驗(yàn)的結(jié)果的照片。其顯示用410si轉(zhuǎn)染載體一周后集落的數(shù)目急劇減少,其中410si已通過(guò)RT-PCR證明有效地knockdownPCDH1。圖4(C)是顯示MTT測(cè)定結(jié)果的條形圖。它也顯示了用410si轉(zhuǎn)染的而不是通過(guò)EGFPsi的生長(zhǎng)細(xì)胞的數(shù)目急劇減少。圖5描述了顯示用siRNAknockdownPDACa細(xì)胞KLM-1中內(nèi)源CDH3的效果的照片。圖5(A)顯示RT-PCR的結(jié)果。其通過(guò)轉(zhuǎn)染siRNA表達(dá)載體si24而不是通過(guò)EGFPsi轉(zhuǎn)染證實(shí)了CDH3mRNA的knockdown作用。si24被特異性地設(shè)計(jì)為用于CDH3mRNA序列,而EGFPsi則用于EGFPmRNA序列。轉(zhuǎn)染48小時(shí)后收獲RNA進(jìn)行分析。用ACTB將輸入的cDNA進(jìn)行歸一化。圖5(B)是顯示集落形成試驗(yàn)的結(jié)果的照片。其顯示用si24轉(zhuǎn)染一周后細(xì)胞中集落的數(shù)目明顯減少,所述si42載體已通過(guò)RT-PCR證明有效地knockdownCDH3。圖5(C)是顯示MTT測(cè)定結(jié)果的條形圖。它也顯示用si24轉(zhuǎn)染的而不是通過(guò)EGFPsi的生長(zhǎng)細(xì)胞數(shù)的急劇減少。圖6描述了用siRNAknockdownPDACa細(xì)胞KLM-1中內(nèi)源GPR-107的效果的照片。圖6(A)顯示RT-PCR的結(jié)果。該結(jié)果通過(guò)轉(zhuǎn)染siRNA表達(dá)載體1003si而不是通過(guò)EGFPsi,證實(shí)了GPR-107mRNA的knockdown作用。1003si特異性地設(shè)計(jì)為用于GPR-107mRNA序列,而EGFPsi則用于EGFPmRNA序列。轉(zhuǎn)染48小時(shí)后收獲RNA進(jìn)行分析。用ACTB將輸入的cDNA進(jìn)行歸一化。圖6(B)是顯示集落形成試驗(yàn)的結(jié)果的照片。其顯示用1003si轉(zhuǎn)染一周后細(xì)胞中集落的數(shù)目減少,所述1003si已通過(guò)RT-PCR證明有效地knockdownGPR-107。圖6(C)是顯示MTT測(cè)定結(jié)果的條形圖。它也顯示用1003si轉(zhuǎn)染的而不通過(guò)EGFPsi的生長(zhǎng)細(xì)胞數(shù)減少。實(shí)施本發(fā)明的最佳方式本發(fā)明將在下面的實(shí)施例中做進(jìn)一步的描述,其并沒(méi)有限制如權(quán)利要求中所述的本發(fā)明的范圍。[實(shí)施例1]通用方法細(xì)胞系和組織樣品人胰腺細(xì)胞系PK45P,KLM1和MIA-PaCa2(ATCC編號(hào)CRL-1420)得自日本東北大學(xué)發(fā)育、衰老和癌癥研究所生物醫(yī)學(xué)研究細(xì)胞資源中心(CellResourceCenterforBiomedicalResearch,InstituteofDevelopment,AgingandCancer,TohokuUniversity)。所有的細(xì)胞都是公眾可獲得的。利用cDNA微陣列分離PDACa細(xì)胞中過(guò)表達(dá)的基因cDNA微陣列玻片的制作方法已經(jīng)有描述(OnoK,TanakaT,TsunodaT,KitaharaO,KiharaC,OkamotoA,OchiaiK,TakagiT,andNakamuraY.CancerRes.,605007-5011,2000)。對(duì)每個(gè)表達(dá)譜分析,都制備雙份的包含大約23040個(gè)DNA點(diǎn)的cDNA微陣列片,以減少實(shí)驗(yàn)波動(dòng)。簡(jiǎn)單的說(shuō),從18個(gè)胰腺癌組織顯微切割的PDACa細(xì)胞和正常胰管上皮中純化出總RNA。進(jìn)行基于T7的RNA擴(kuò)增,以獲得足夠用于微陣列實(shí)驗(yàn)的RNA。通過(guò)分別使用Cy5-dCTP和Cy3-dCTP(AmershamBiosciences)進(jìn)行逆轉(zhuǎn)錄,對(duì)來(lái)自PDACa細(xì)胞和正常胰管上皮的擴(kuò)增RNA的等分試樣進(jìn)行標(biāo)記。雜交、洗滌和檢測(cè)如前面描述進(jìn)行(OnoK,TanakaT,TsunodaT,KitaharaO,KiharaC,OkamotoA,OchiaiK,TakagiT,andNakamuraY.CancerRes.,605007-5011,2000)。接著,在上調(diào)的基因中,關(guān)注PCDH1,CDH3和GPR107這三個(gè)基因,因?yàn)樗鼈冊(cè)诔^(guò)50%的已知癌癥中的表達(dá)率超過(guò)5.0,而根據(jù)我們以前對(duì)29種正常人組織中基因表達(dá)的數(shù)據(jù),它們?cè)谡5闹饕鞴僦械谋磉_(dá)水平相對(duì)比較低(Saito-HisaminatoA,KatagiriT,KakiuchiS,NakamuraT,TsunodaT,NakamuraY.Genome-wideprofilingofgeneexpressionin29normalhumantissueswithacDNAmicroarray.DNARes.,935-45,2002)。PCDH1和CDH3的半定量RT-PCR將來(lái)自顯微切割的PDACa細(xì)胞和正常胰管上皮細(xì)胞的RNA通過(guò)基于T7的體外轉(zhuǎn)錄(EpicentreTechnologies)經(jīng)過(guò)兩輪擴(kuò)增,并合成為單鏈cDNA。制備每個(gè)單鏈cDNA的合適的稀釋物用于隨后的PCR擴(kuò)增,其通過(guò)監(jiān)控β-肌動(dòng)蛋白(ACTB)作為定量對(duì)照。本發(fā)明人采用的引物序列為對(duì)于PCDH1為5’-AGAAGGAGACCAAGGACCTGTAT-3’(SEQ.ID.NO.7)和5’-AGAACTTTATTGTCAGGGTCAAGG-3’(SEQ.ID.NO.8)對(duì)于CDH3為5’-CTGAAGGCGGCTAACACAGAC-3’(SEQ.ID.NO.9)和5’-TACACGATTGTCCTCACCCTTC-3’(SEQ.ID.NO.10)對(duì)于ACTB為5’-CATCCACGAAACTACCTTCAACT-3’(SEQ.ID.NO.11)和5’-TCTCCTTAGAGAGAAGTGGGGTG-3’(SEQ.ID.NO.12)所有的反應(yīng)包括在GeneAmpPCR系統(tǒng)9700(PEAppliedBiosystems)上在94℃起始變性2分鐘;然后進(jìn)行21個(gè)(對(duì)ACTB)或28-32個(gè)(對(duì)PCDH1和CDH3)94℃30秒,58℃30秒,和72℃1分鐘的循環(huán)。免疫組織化學(xué)將經(jīng)甲醛固定和石蠟包埋的PDACa切片,用小鼠抗-CDH3單克隆抗體(BDTransductionLaboratories)進(jìn)行免疫染色用于CDH3表達(dá)。將脫掉石蠟的組織切片置于pH6.0的10mM檸檬酸鹽緩沖液中,并在高壓滅菌器中加熱至108℃15分鐘用于抗原挽救(antigenretrieval)。將切片分別用稀釋度為1∶10或1∶100的CDH3的第一抗體在濕度箱中在室溫下溫育一小時(shí),并用過(guò)氧化物酶標(biāo)記的葡聚糖聚合物然后用二氨基聯(lián)苯胺(DAKOEnvisionPlusSystem;DAKOCorporation,Carpinteria,CA)來(lái)顯色。最后用蘇木精對(duì)切片進(jìn)行復(fù)染。對(duì)于陰性對(duì)照的樣品,省略了第一抗體。Northern印跡分析將人的多組織Northern印跡(Clontech)與[α-32P]dCTP標(biāo)記的PCR產(chǎn)物進(jìn)行雜交,所述PCR產(chǎn)物是通過(guò)上面描述的引物擴(kuò)增的。按照供應(yīng)商推薦的方法進(jìn)行預(yù)雜交、雜交和洗滌。印跡在-80℃下用增感屏放射自顯影5天。psiU6BX質(zhì)粒的構(gòu)建將編碼siRNA的DNA序列插入如下面的質(zhì)粒序列(SEQIDNo26)中(-)表示的核苷酸485-490的缺口中。據(jù)報(bào)道snRNAU6基因由RNA聚合酶III轉(zhuǎn)錄,RNA聚合酶III產(chǎn)生在3’末端具有尿苷的短轉(zhuǎn)錄本。使用人胎盤(pán)DNA作為模板,及引物組5’-GGGGATCAGCGTTTGAGTAA-3’(SEQIDNo27)和5’-TAGGCCCCACCTCCTTCTAT-3’(SEQIDNo28),通過(guò)PCR擴(kuò)增包含啟動(dòng)子區(qū)的snRNAU6基因的基因組片段。純化該產(chǎn)物并使用TA克隆試劑盒按照供應(yīng)商(Invitrogen)的規(guī)程克隆到pCR質(zhì)粒載體中。將含有snRNAU6基因的BamHI和XhoI片段純化并克隆到pcDNA3.1(+)質(zhì)粒的核苷酸1257-56片段,該片段是用引物組5’-TGCGGATCCAGAGCAGATTGTACTGAGAGT-3’(SEQIDNo29)和5’-CTCTATCTCGAGTGAGGCGGAAAGAACCA-3’(SEQIDNo30)通過(guò)PCR擴(kuò)增的。將連接的DNA用作PCR的模板,其引物為5’-TTTAAGCTTGAAGACTATTTTTACATCAGGTTGTTTTTCT-3’(SEQIDNo31)和5’-TTTAAGCTTGAAGACACGGTGTTTCGTCCTTTCCACA-3’(SEQIDNo32)。將該產(chǎn)物用HindIII消化,其隨后自連接以產(chǎn)生psiU6BX載體質(zhì)粒。作為對(duì)照,通過(guò)將雙鏈寡核苷酸5’-CACCGAAGCAGCACGACTTCTTCTTCAAGAGAGAAGAAGTCGTGCTGCTTC-3’(SEQIDNo33)和5’-AAAAGAAGCAGCACGACTTCTTCTCTCTTGAAGAAGAAGTCGTGCTGCTTC-3’(SEQIDNo34)克隆到載體psiU6BX中的BbsI位點(diǎn)而制備psiU6BX-EGFP。表達(dá)siRNA的構(gòu)建體siRNA的核苷酸序列是使用可從Ambion網(wǎng)站(http//www.ambion.com/techlib/misc/siRNAfinder.html)得到的siRNA設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算機(jī)程序進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)的。簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō),用于siRNA合成的核苷酸序列使用下面的規(guī)程來(lái)選擇。siRNA目標(biāo)位點(diǎn)的選擇1.從每個(gè)基因轉(zhuǎn)錄本的起始密碼子AUG開(kāi)始,向下游搜索AA二核苷酸序列。將每一處AA和3’端相鄰的19個(gè)核苷酸的出現(xiàn)記錄為可能的siRNA目標(biāo)位點(diǎn)。Tuschl等不推薦在5’和3’非翻譯區(qū)(UTR)和起始密碼子附近區(qū)域(75個(gè)堿基以內(nèi))設(shè)計(jì)siRNA,因?yàn)檫@些區(qū)域可能更富含調(diào)節(jié)蛋白的結(jié)合位點(diǎn)。UTR結(jié)合蛋白和/或翻譯起始復(fù)合物會(huì)干擾siRNA核酸內(nèi)切酶復(fù)合物的結(jié)合。2.將可能的目標(biāo)位點(diǎn)同適當(dāng)?shù)幕蚪M數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)(人類、小鼠、大鼠等等)進(jìn)行對(duì)比,以淘汰掉與其他編碼序列具有顯著的同源性的靶序列。3.選擇合格的靶序列用于合成。沿著基因的長(zhǎng)度選擇幾個(gè)靶序列用于評(píng)價(jià)。下面顯示用于基因PCDH1,CDH3或GPR107的siRNA的寡核苷酸。每個(gè)寡核苷酸是靶序列的有義核苷酸序列和反義核苷酸序列的組合。發(fā)夾環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu)的核苷酸序列和靶序列分別顯示在SEQIDNO19到SEQIDNO21和SEQIDNO22到SEQIDNO24(從每一個(gè)發(fā)夾環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu)序列中去除了核酸內(nèi)切酶識(shí)別位點(diǎn))。用于PCDH1的siRNA表達(dá)載體的插入序列410si5’-CACCGACATCAATGACAACACACTTCAAGAGAGTGTGTTGTCATTGATGTC-3’(SEQIDNO13)和5’-AAAAGACATCAATGACAACACACTCTCTTGAAGTGTGTTGTCATTGATGTC-3’(SEQIDNO14)用于CDH3的siRNA表達(dá)載體的插入序列si245’-CACCGGAGACAGGCTGGTTGTTGTTCAAGAGACAACAACCAGCCTGTCTCC-3’(SEQIDNO15)和5’-AAAAGGAGACAGGCTGGTTGTTGTCTCTTGAACAACAACCAGCCTGTCTCC-3’(SEQIDNO16)用于GPR107的siRNA表達(dá)載體的插入序列1003si5’-CACCGTGGCTCTACCAGCTCCTGTTCAAGAGACAGGAGCTGGTAGAGCCAC-3’(SEQIDNO17)和5’-AAAAGTGGCTCTACCAGCTCCTGTCTCTTGAACAGGAGCTGGTAGAGCCAC-3’(SEQIDNO18)作為對(duì)照的siRNA表達(dá)載體的插入序列EGFPsi(對(duì)照)5’-CACCGAAGCAGCACGACTTCTTCTTCAAGAGAGAAGAAGTCGTGCTGCTTC-3’(SEQIDNO33)和5’-AAAAGAAGCAGCACGACTTCTTCTCTCTTGAAGAAGAAGTCGTGCTGCTTC-3’(SEQIDNO34)每個(gè)序列的序列號(hào)(SEQIDNO)在表1中列出集落形成/MTT測(cè)定將PK45P,KLM1和MIA-PaCa2之中的人PDACa細(xì)胞系鋪到直徑10-cm的盤(pán)中(5X105個(gè)細(xì)胞/盤(pán)),并根據(jù)制造商的說(shuō)明使用Lipofectamine2000(Invitrogen)或FuGENE6(Roche)以包含EGFP靶序列(EGFP)的psiU6BX和包含靶序列的psiU6BX進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)染。通過(guò)500mg/ml的遺傳霉素(Geneticin)篩選細(xì)胞一周。最初的細(xì)胞在轉(zhuǎn)染48小時(shí)后收獲,并通過(guò)RT-PCR分析以證實(shí)對(duì)于PCDH1,CDH3和GPR107的knockdown。RT-PCR的引物與上面的相同。這些細(xì)胞也可用吉姆薩液(Giemsasolution)染色并進(jìn)行MTT分析,從而分別評(píng)價(jià)集落的形成和細(xì)胞數(shù)。[實(shí)施例2]用siRNA方法減少基因PCDH1,CDH3或GPR107的表達(dá)和癌細(xì)胞的生長(zhǎng)抑制在先前的研究中,通過(guò)結(jié)合激光顯微切割和點(diǎn)樣了27000個(gè)基因的全基因組cDNA微陣列,建立了PDACa精確的表達(dá)譜。本發(fā)明者通過(guò)與正常的胰管上皮(其被認(rèn)為是PDACa的來(lái)源)的表達(dá)譜比較,在PDACa細(xì)胞中鑒定了超過(guò)200個(gè)基因作為上調(diào)的基因(NakamuraT,F(xiàn)urukawaY,NakagawaH,TsunodaT,OhigashiH,MurataK,IshikawaO,Ohgaki,KashimuraN,MiyamotoM,HiranoS,KondoS,KatohH,NakamuraY,andKatagiriT.Genome-widecDNAmicroarrayanalysisofgene-expressionprofilesinpancreaticcancersusingpopulationsoftumorcellsandnormalductalepitheliumcellsselectedforpuritybylasermicrodissection.Oncogene,2004Feb9,正式印刷前的電子發(fā)布稿(Epub))。根據(jù)這些PDACa細(xì)胞的表達(dá)譜,本發(fā)明人選擇了三個(gè)過(guò)量表達(dá)的基因,使用來(lái)自顯微切割的PDACa細(xì)胞的cDNA通過(guò)RT-PCR(圖1A,B)或通過(guò)免疫組織化學(xué)(圖2),確證了PCDH1和CDH3在PDACa中的過(guò)量表達(dá)。(1)PCDH1(原鈣黏著蛋白,Protocadherin1)(Genbank登錄號(hào)NM_002587;SEQIDNo.1,2)為了研究PCDH1對(duì)PDACa細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)和存活的影響,本發(fā)明人通過(guò)基于哺乳動(dòng)物載體的RNA干擾(RNAi)技術(shù)特異性地knockdownPCDH1在PDACa細(xì)胞系中的內(nèi)源表達(dá)。如Northern印跡分析(圖3A)所示,PCDH1在正常的心臟、胎盤(pán)和前列腺中不受限制地表達(dá)。它在主要的生命器官中豐度不高,這說(shuō)明靶向這些分子將預(yù)期在人體內(nèi)產(chǎn)生較低的毒性。轉(zhuǎn)染產(chǎn)生siRNA的載體很清楚地導(dǎo)致一種設(shè)計(jì)用于PCDH1的siRNA,410si的內(nèi)源性表達(dá)的減少(圖4A)。該siRNA對(duì)于PCDH1mRNA的knockdown作用在集落形成測(cè)定(圖4B)和MTT測(cè)定(圖4C)中導(dǎo)致了急劇的生長(zhǎng)抑制。這些發(fā)現(xiàn)強(qiáng)烈地暗示PCDH1在PDACa細(xì)胞中的過(guò)表達(dá)與癌細(xì)胞生存力相關(guān)。PCDH1和其它原鈣黏著蛋白被支持在細(xì)胞表面上通過(guò)它們的鈣黏著蛋白結(jié)構(gòu)域發(fā)生嗜同種受體相互作用(homophilicinteraction),并且調(diào)節(jié)細(xì)胞骨架構(gòu)象、細(xì)胞運(yùn)動(dòng)或細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)的胞內(nèi)信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)(SanoK,TaniharaH,HeimarkRL,ObataS,DavidsonM,StJohnT,TaketaniS,SuzukiS.Protocadherinsalargefamilyofcadherin-relatedmoleculesincentralnervoussystem.EMBOJ.,122249-56,1993,F(xiàn)rankM,andKemlerR.Protocadherins.CurrOpinCellBiol.,14557-62,2002.)。根據(jù)我們的數(shù)據(jù),PCDH1可能通過(guò)其在細(xì)胞-細(xì)胞粘附中的嗜同種受體相互作用調(diào)節(jié)胰腺癌細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)的正信號(hào)。(2)CDH3(P-鈣黏著蛋白,P-cadherin)(Genbank登錄號(hào)NM001793;SEQIDNo.3,4)本發(fā)明人通過(guò)RT-PCR(圖1B)和免疫組織化學(xué)(圖2)確證CDH3在PDACa細(xì)胞中的過(guò)量表達(dá)。并根據(jù)微陣列數(shù)據(jù)和RT-PCR(圖1B),在我們的PDACa表達(dá)譜中超過(guò)200個(gè)上調(diào)的基因中CDH3過(guò)量表達(dá)是最顯著的譜之一。如Northern印跡分析(圖3B)所示CDH3在正常的胸腺、前列腺、卵巢和氣管中不受限制地表達(dá)。它在主要生命器官中豐度不高,這說(shuō)明靶向這些分子將預(yù)期在人體內(nèi)產(chǎn)生較低的毒性。為了探討CDH3對(duì)PDACa細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)或存活的影響,本發(fā)明人通過(guò)基于哺乳動(dòng)物載體的RNA干擾(RNAi)技術(shù)特異性地knockdownCDH3在PDACa細(xì)胞系中的內(nèi)源表達(dá)。轉(zhuǎn)染產(chǎn)生siRNA的載體清楚地導(dǎo)致一種設(shè)計(jì)用于CDH3的siRNA,si24的內(nèi)源性表達(dá)(圖5A)。該siRNA對(duì)于PCDH1mRNA的knockdown作用在集落形成測(cè)定(圖5B)和MTT測(cè)定(圖5C)中導(dǎo)致了急劇的生長(zhǎng)抑制。這些發(fā)現(xiàn)強(qiáng)烈地暗示了CDH3在PDACa細(xì)胞中過(guò)表達(dá)與癌細(xì)胞生存力以及細(xì)胞間相互作用相關(guān),而且這個(gè)分子可涉及來(lái)自細(xì)胞間相互作用的信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)。PDACa有極強(qiáng)的侵略性,而且CDH3在PDACa細(xì)胞中的高表達(dá)也可與它們的侵略性和轉(zhuǎn)移潛力有關(guān)。(3)GPR107(G蛋白偶聯(lián)受體107)(Genbank登錄號(hào)AB046844;SEQIDNo.5,6)本發(fā)明人確定此孤兒(orphan)GPCR作為胰腺癌的靶物,但其功能和配體未知。如Northern印跡分析(圖3C)所示,GPR107在正常的心臟、胎盤(pán)、骨骼肌、睪丸、卵巢和脊髓中不受限制地表達(dá)。為了研究GPR107對(duì)于PDACa細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)或存活的影響,本發(fā)明人通過(guò)siRNA特異性地knockdown其GPR107在PDACa細(xì)胞系中的內(nèi)源表達(dá)。轉(zhuǎn)染產(chǎn)生siRNA的載體清楚地導(dǎo)致一種設(shè)計(jì)用于GPR107的siRNA,1003si的內(nèi)源性表達(dá)的減少(圖6A)。該siRNA對(duì)于PCDH1mRNA的knockdown作用在集落形成測(cè)定(圖6B)和MTT測(cè)定(圖6C)中導(dǎo)致了急劇的生長(zhǎng)抑制。這些發(fā)現(xiàn)強(qiáng)烈地暗示了GPR107在PDACa細(xì)胞中的過(guò)表達(dá)與癌細(xì)胞生存力相關(guān)??傊?,本發(fā)明人鑒定了三種在PDACa細(xì)胞中過(guò)量表達(dá)的膜型分子,而且這三個(gè)分子都可能與癌細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)相關(guān),這說(shuō)明這些膜型分子是治療致死性的胰腺癌的理想的分子靶物。工業(yè)適用性本發(fā)明人已顯示了特異性靶向PCDH1,CDH3或GPR107基因的小干擾RNA(siRNA)抑制細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)。因此,這種新的siRNA是用于開(kāi)發(fā)抗癌藥物的有用的靶物。例如,阻礙PCDH1,CDH3或GPR107表達(dá)或者防止它們活性的試劑可以用作抗癌劑,特別是用于治療胰腺癌,例如胰管腺癌(PDACa)的抗癌劑。盡管已經(jīng)結(jié)合本發(fā)明具體實(shí)施方案對(duì)本發(fā)明進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)描述,但對(duì)于本領(lǐng)域技術(shù)人員顯而易見(jiàn)的是,在不脫離本發(fā)明實(shí)質(zhì)和范圍的前提下可以對(duì)本發(fā)明進(jìn)行各種變動(dòng)和修改。序列表<110>腫瘤療法科學(xué)股份有限公司(OncotherapyScience,Inc.)<120>治療胰腺癌的組合物和方法<130>ONC-A0406P<150>US60/555,809<151>2004-03-24<160>35<170>PatentInversion3.1<210>1<211>3851<212>DNA<213>人(Homosapiens)<220><221>CDS<222>(118)..(3300)<223><400>1cgcaaagccgccgggctgctgcgcccagagccagccggagccggagccggagcccgaact60gcagctccagccccagccgtgcggagccgcagcccaggccggggccggcggcggctc117atggacagcggggcgggcggccggcgctgcccggaggcggccctcctg165MetAspSerGlyAlaGlyGlyArgArgCysProGluAlaAlaLeuLeu151015attctggggcctcccaggatggagcacctgaggcacagcccaggccct213IlcLeuGlyProProArgMetGluHisLeuArgHisSerProGlyPro202530ggggggcaacggctactgctgccctccatgctgctagcactgctgctc261GlyGlyGlnArgLeuLeuLeuProSerMetLeuLeuAlaLeuLeuLeu354045ctgctggctccatccccaggccacgccactcgggtagtgtacaaggtg309LeuLeuAlaProSerProGlyHisAlaThrArgValValTyrLysVal505560ccggaggaacagccacccaacaccctcattgggagcctcgcagccgac357ProGluGluGlnProProAsnThrLeuIleGlySerLeuAlaAlaAsp65707580tatggttttccagatgtggggcacctgtacaagctagaggtgggtgcc405TyrGlyPheProAspValGlyHisLeuTyrLysLeuGluValGlyAla859095ccgtaccttcgcgtggatggcaagacaggtgacattttcaccaccgag453ProTyrLeuArgValAspGlyLysThrGlyAspIlePheThrThrGlu100105110acctccatcgaccgtgaggggctccgtgaatgccagaaccagctccct501ThrSerIleAspArgGluGlyLeuArgGluCysGlnAsnGlnLeuPro115120125ggtgatccctgcatcctggagtttgaggtatctatcacagacctcgtg549GlyAspProCysIleLeuGluPheGluValSerIleThrAspLeuVal130135140cagaatggcagcccccggctgctagagggccagatagaagtacaagac597GlnAsnGlySerProArgLeuLeuGluGlyGlnIleGluValGlnAsp145150155160atcaatgacaacacacccaacttcgcctcaccagtcatcactctggcc645IleAsnAspAsnThrProAsnPheAlaSerProValIleThrLeuAla165170175atccctgagaacaccaacatcggctcactcttccccatcccgctggct693IleProGluAsnThrAsnIleGlySerLeuPheProIleProLeuAla180185190tcagaccgtgatgctggtcccaacggtgtggcatcctatgagctgcag741SerAspArgAspAlaGlyProAsnGlyValAlaSerTyrGluLeuGln195200205gctgggcctgaggcccaggagctatttgggctgcaggtggcagaggac789AlaGlyProGluAlaGlnGluLeuPheGlyLeuGlnValAlaGluAsp210215220caggaggagaagcaaccacagctcattgtgatgggcaacctggaccgt837GlnGluGluLysGlnProGlnLeuIleValMetGlyAsnLeuAspArg225230235240gagcgctgggactcctatgacctcaccatcaaggtgcaggatggcggc885GluArgTrpAspSerTyrAspLeuThrIleLysValGlnAspGlyGly245250255agccccccacgcgccagcagtgccctgctgcgtgtcaccgtgcttgac933SerProProArgAlaSerSerAlaLeuLeuArgValThrValLeuAsp260265270accaatgacaacgcccccaagtttgagcggccctcctatgaggccgaa981ThrAsnAspAsnAlaProLysPheGluArgProSerTyrGluAlaGlu275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actgtattttaaagaaa337PheSerSerTyrLeuAspGluAspValAsnTyrCysIleLeuLysLys100105110cagtctgtctctgtcacccttttaatcctagacatctccagaagtgag385GlnSerValSerValThrLeuLeuIleLeuAspIleSerArgSerGlu115120125gtaagagtaaagtctccaccagaagctggtacccagttaccaaagatc433ValArgValLysSerProProGluAlaGlyThrGlnLeuProLysIle130135140atcttcagcagggatgagaaagtccttggtcagagccaggagcctaat481IlePheSerArgAspGluLysValLeuGlyGlnSerGlnGluProAsn145150155160gttaaccctgcttcagcaggcaaccagacccagaagacacaagatggt529ValAsnProAlaSerAlaGlyAsnGlnThrGlnLysThrGlnAspGly165170175ggaaagtctaaaagaagtacagtggattcaaaggccatgggagagaaa577GlyLysSerLysArgSerThrValAspSerLysAlaMetGlyGluLys180185190tccttttctgttcataataatggtggggcagtgtcatttcagtttttc625SerPheSerValHisAsnAsnGlyGlyAlaValSerPheGlnPhePhe195200205tttaacatcagcactgatgaccaagaaggcctttacagtctttatttt673PheAsnIleSerThrAspAspGlnGluGlyLeuTyrSerLeuTyrPhe210215220cataaatgccttggaaaagaattgccaagtgacaagtttacattcagc721HisLysCysLeuGlyLysGluLeuProSerAspLysPheThrPheSer225230235240cttgatattgagatcacagagaagaatcctgacagctacctctcagca769LeuAspIleGluIleThrGluLysAsnProAspSerTyrLeuSerAla245250255ggagaaattcctctccccaaattatacatctcaatggcctttttcttc817GlyGluIleProLeuProLysLeuTyrIleSerMetAlaPhePhePhe260265270tttctttctgggaccatctggattcatatccttcgaaaacgacggaat865PheLeuSerGlyThrIleTrpIleHisIleLeuArgLysArgArgAsn275280285gatgtatttaaaatccactggctgatggcggcccttcctttcaccaag913AspValPheLysIleHisTrpLeuMetAlaAlaLeuProPheThrLys290295300tctctttccttggtgttccatgcaattgactaccactacatctcctcc961SerLeuSerLeuValPheHisAlaIleAspTyrHisTyrIleSerSer305310315320cagggcttccctatcgaaggctgggctgttgtgtactacataactcac1009GlnGlyPheProIleGluGlyTrpAlaValValTyrTyrIleThrHis325330335cttttgaaaggggcgctactcttcatcaccattgcactcattggcact1057LeuLeuLysGlyAlaLeuLeuPheIleThrIleAlaLeuIleGlyThr340345350ggctgggctttcattaagcacatcctttctgataaagacaaaaagatc1105GlyTrpAlaPheIleLysHisIleLeuSerAspLysAspLysLysIle355360365ttcatgattgtcattccactccaggtcctggcaaatgtagcctacatc1153PheMetIleValIleProLeuGlnValLeuAlaAsnValAlaTyrIle370375380atcatagagtccaccgaggagggcacgactgaatatggcttgtggaag1201IleIleGluSerThrGluGluGlyThrThrGluTyrGlyLeuTrpLys385390395400gactctctatttctggtcgacctgttgtgttgtggtgccatcctcttc1249AspSerLeuPheLeuValAspLeuLeuCysCysGlyAlaIleLeuPhe405410415ccagtggtgtggtcaatcagacatttacaagaagcatcagcaacagat1297ProValValTrpSerIleArgHisLeuGlnGluAlaSerAlaThrAsp420425430ggaaaaggtgacagcatgggacctcttcagcagagagcgaatctgaga1345GlyLysGlyAspSerMetGlyProLeuGlnGlnArgAlaAsnLeuArg435440445gcaggaagtcgcatagagtctcgccattttgcccgggctgatcttgaa1393AlaGlySerArgIleGluSerArgHisPheAlaArgAlaAspLeuGlu450455460ctcctggcctctagctgtcctcctgcctcagtctcccaaagggctggg1441LeuLeuAlaSerSerCysProProAlaSerValSerGlnArgAlaGly465470475480attacagctgctattaacttagcaaagctgaaacttttcagacattat1489IleThrAlaAlaIleAsnLeuAlaLysLeuLysLeuPheArgHisTyr485490495tacgtcttgattgtgtgttacatatacttcactaggatcattgcattt1537TyrValLeuIleValCysTyrIleTyrPheThrArgIleIleAlaPhe500505510ctcctcaaactcgctgttccattccagtggaagtggctctaccagctc1585LeuLeuLysLeuAlaValProPheGlnTrpLysTrpLeuTyrGlnLeu515520525ctggatgaaacggccacactggtcttctttgttctaacggggtataaa1633LeuAspGluThrAlaThrLeuValPhePheValLeuThrGlyTyrLys530535540ttccgtccggcttcagataacccctacctacaactttctcaggaagaa1681PheArgProAlaSerAspAsnProTyrLeuGlnLeuSerGlnGluGlu545550555560gaagacttggaaatggagtccgttgtgacaacatctggggtgatggaa1729GluAspLeuGluMetGluSerValValThrThrSerGlyValMetGlu565570575agtatgaagaaagtcaagaaggtgaccaacggctccgtggagccccag1777SerMetLysLysValLysLysValThrAsnGlySerValGluProGln580585590ggcgagtgggaaggcgccgtgtgacagagccgaccctgaggatggcactgtcca1831GlyGluTrpGluGlyAlaVal595aggaaactgttaacttattcatagtcctattggacagcaggagcagctcctacagtgaac1891tattggcaccaccgacagtgacaccagggcacatggctggagcacagtgccgcggaaacc1951tgattttgtactctcttttatggaaacgatctgtggctgtttagaggcagctggatcctc2011tttcaggcgggaatgggagggcgggcacagggaggaggagaggaagagaaaaggaagaat2071tcatttttaatttaggtttctttttttcttcttcatttcggagctctaaggtgtatgcag2131ttgtgaccccatgtgtggggaagtgtagcaaggacggctggtggagggggaaggagggtg2191cgaggtgtctgtctgatgctttaggaaatgtctactgaggaccctgggacttaagaagaa2251gggcggggagagtgccattgcctgtttgggagacaaaaatgaacgaaaacaggtgacttt2311ggaaagcaaagtcaaaacccagtttaggatgtagcacctgccccaggattcctgccctcg2371gctttgccccagacccttattccagatgctgagagtgaccaggacagcagctcctgaggc2431ccagtggtcttctttccaacaggaaaagaaggctgtgatgtcgctgtcaggatcatgccc2491tgtggcacagcacaggtggtgggaggtggttttctgactgagatgttgcctgatggatgg2551aaagaaatgtatttttaagttcaaaaagcattatcctgtggcgttgcctggacatccact2611ccctgacagcccagagcagcactgtctggcttcccttcatgcttgtggctttgttgtgtt2671tgatcagaattttgggggaaatggaaagttttcctcaaggagcagctgggggcagaatag2731gtagtatttaagcaaatacttaagtccaagcaaatcatccccattaaaaagcttttcctg2791taggctagtaggatttctaaatagatgaattcaacagacttggtccccatagtccaagag2851tatgtatgtgaagaaagtgagcatgattcaacagtttcactctcagggattttaggatgg2911caaaatacttcacagaaactcaatgattaagttcccttccacacttccagagcttgaatg2971aacacaggtagccacctaaattgagcagtattgcaactcagagagaaaatcatctgaata3031gtaggacaagctcagaaggtacattgtgactgagggcttaaaaggagaccaaaacatggc3091cccatcagggaagcttcttaatgcttggggggccagctaggtagggttgcttccaaaagc3151tggagcccacccctgcctaggggttgtcagagagccacacctgcaggggaacaggtacct3211ccgagggtgagagtcgtggtctctgggagttgttttctcacctctggcttagaagggtca3271ggcagaaaccacaggatgtggggtcacact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eThrHis325330335LeuLeuLysGlyAlaLeuLeuPheIleThrIleAlaLeuIleGlyThr340345350GlyTrpAlaPheIleLysHisIleLeuSerAspLysAspLysLysIle355360365PheMetIleValIleProLeuGlnValLeuAlaAsnValAlaTyrIle370375380IleIleGluSerThrGluGluGlyThrThrGluTyrGlyLeuTrpLys385390395400AspSerLeuPheLeuValAspLeuLeuCysCysGlyAlaIleLeuPhe405410415ProValValTrpSerIleArgHisLeuGlnGluAlaSerAlaThrAsp420425430GlyLysGlyAspSerMetGlyProLeuGlnGlnArgAlaAsnLeuArg435440445AlaGlySerArgIleGluSerArgHisPheAlaArgAlaAspLeuGlu450455460LeuLeuAlaSerSerCysProProAlaSerValSerGlnArgAlaGly465470475480IleThrAlaAlaIleAsnLeuAlaLysLeuLysLeuPheArgHisTyr485490495TyrValLeuIleValCysTyrIleTyrPheThrArgIleIleAlaPhe500505510LeuLeuLysLeuAlaValProPheGlnTrpLysTrpLeuTyrGlnLeu515520525LeuAspGluThrAlaThrLeuValPhePheValLeuThrGlyTyrLys530535540PheArgProAlaSerAspAsnProTyrLeuGlnLeuSerGlnGluGlu545550555560GluAspLeuGluMetGluSerValValThrThrSerGlyValMetGlu565570575SerMetLysLysValLysLysValThrAsnGlySerValGluProGln580585590GlyGluTrpGluGlyAlaVal595<210>7<211>23<212>DNA<213>人工的<220><223>RT-PCR的人工合成引物序列<400>7agaaggagaccaaggacctgtat23<210><211>24<212>DNA<213>人工的<220><223>RT-PCR的人工合成引物序列<400>8agaactttattgtcagggtcaagg24<210>9<211>21<212>DNA<213>人工的<220><223>RT-PCR的人工合成引物序列<400>9ctgaaggcggctaacacagac21<210>10<211>22<212>DNA<213>人工的<220><223>RT-PCR的人工合成引物序列<400>10tacacgattgtcctcacccttc22<210>11<211>23<212>DNA<213>人工的<220><223>RT-PCR的人工合成引物序列<400>11catccacgaaactaccttcaact23<210>12<211>23<212>DNA<213>人工的<220><223>RT-PCR的人工合成引物序列<400>12tctccttagagagaagtggggtg23<210>13<211>51<212>DNA<213>人工的<220><223>siRNA的人工合成序列<400>13caccgacatcaatgacaacacacttcaagagagtgtgttgtcattgatgtc51<210>14<211>51<212>DNA<213>人工的<220><223>siRNA的人工合成序列<400>14aaaagacatcaatgacaacacactctcttgaagtgtgttgteattgatgtc51<210>15<211>51<212>DNA<213>人工的<220><223>siRNA的人工合成序列<400>15caccggagacaggctggttgttgttcaagagacaacaaccagcctgtctcc51<210>16<211>51<212>DNA<213>人工的<220><223>siRNA的人工合成序列<400>16aaaaggagacaggctggttgttgtctcttgaacaacaaccagcctgtctcc51<210>17<211>51<212>DNA<213>人工的<220><223>siRNA的人工合成序列<400>17caccgtggctctaccagctcctgttcaagagacaggagctggtagagccac51<210>18<211>51<212>DNA<213>人工的<220><223>siRNA的人工合成序列<400>18aaaagtggctctaccagctcctgtctcttgaacaggagctggtagagccac51<210>19<211>47<212>DNA<213>人工的<220><223>siRNA發(fā)夾序列設(shè)計(jì)<400>19gacatcaatgacaacacacttcaagagagtgtgttgtcattgatgtc47<210>20<211>47<212>DNA<213>人工的<220><223>siRNA發(fā)夾序列設(shè)計(jì)<400>20ggagacaggctggttgttgttcaagagacaacaaccagcctgtctcc47<210>21<211>47<212>DNA<213>人工的<220><223>siRNA發(fā)夾序列設(shè)計(jì)<400>21gtggctctaccagctcctgttcaagagacaggagctggtagagccac47<210>22<211>19<212>DNA<213>人工的<220><223>siRNA的人工合成靶序列<400>22gacatcaatgacaacacac19<210>23<211>19<212>DNA<213>人工的<220><223>siRNA的人工合成靶序列<400>23ggagacaggctggttgttg19<210>24<211>19<212>DNA<213>人工的<220><223>siRNA的人工合成靶序列<400>24gtggctctaccagctcctg19<210>25<211>19<212>DNA<213>人工的<220><223>siRNA的人工合成靶序列<400>25gaagcagcacgacttcttc19<210>26<211>4863<212>DNA<213>人工的<220><223>siRNA表達(dá)載體的人工構(gòu)建的質(zhì)粒序列<400>26gacggatcgggagatctcccgatcccctatggtgcactctcagtacaatctgctctggat60ccactagtaacggccgccagtgtgctggaattcggcttggggatcagcgtttgagtaaga120gcccgcgtctgaaccctccgcgccgccccggccccagtggaaagacgcgcaggcaaaacg180caccacgtgacggagcgtgaccgcgcgccgagcgcgcgccaaggtcgggcaggaagaggg240cctatttcccatgattccttcatatttgcatatacgatacaaggctgttagagagataat300tagaattaatttgactgtaaacacaaagatattagtacaaaatacgtgacgtagaaagta360ataatttcttgggtagtttgcagttttaaaattatgttttaaaatggactatcatatgct420taccgtaacttgaaagtatttcgatttcttggctttatatatcttgtggaaaggacgaaa480cacctttttacatcaggttgtttttctgtttggttttttttttacaccacgtttatacgc540cggtgcacggtttaccactgaaaacacctttcatctacaggtgatatcttttaacacaaa600taaaatgtagtagtcctaggagacggaatagaaggaggtggggcctaaagccgaattctg660cagatatccatcacactggcggccgctcgagtgaggcggaaagaaccagctggggctcta720gggggtatccccacgcgccctgtagcggcgcattaagcgcggcgggtgtggtggttacgc780gcagcgtgaccgctacacttgccagcgccctagcgcccgctcctttcgctttcttccctt840cctttctcgccacgttcgccggctttccccgtcaagctctaaatcgggggctccctttag900ggttccgatttagtgctttacggcacctcgaccccaaaaaacttgattagggtgatggtt960cacgtagtgggccatcgccctgatagacggtttttcgccctttgacgttggagtccacgt1020tctttaatagtggactcttgttccaaactggaacaacactcaaccctatctcggtctatt1080cttttgatttataagggattttgccgatttcggcctattggttaaaaaatgagctgattt1140aacaaaaatttaacgcgaattaattctgtggaatgtgtgtcagttagggtgtggaaagtc1200cccaggctccccagcaggcagaagtatgcaaagcatgcatctcaattagtcagcaaccag1260gtgtggaaagtccccaggctccccagcaggcagaagtatgcaaagcatgcatctcaatta1320gtcagcaaccatagtcccgcccctaactccgcccatcccgcccctaactccgcccagttc1380cgcccattctccgccccatggctgactaattttttttatttatgcagaggccgaggccgc1440ctctgcctctgagctattccagaagtagtgaggaggcttttttggaggcctaggcttttg1500caaaaagctcccgggagcttgtatatccattttcggatctgatcaagagacaggatgagg1560atcgtttcgcatgattgaacaagatggattgcacgcaggttctccggccgcttgggtgga1620gaggctattcggctatgactgggcacaacagacaatcggctgctctgatgccgccgtgtt1680ccggctgtcagcgcaggggcgcccggttctttttgtcaagaccgacctgtccggtgccct1740gaatgaactgcaggacgaggcagcgcggctatcgtggctggccacgacgggcgttccttg1800cgcagctgtgctcgacgttgtcactgaagcgggaagggactggctgctattgggcgaagt1860gccggggcaggatctcctgtcatctcaccttgctcctgccgagaaagtatccatcatggc1920tgatgcaatgcggcggctgcatacgcttgatccggctacctgcccattcgaccaccaagc1980gaaacatcgcatcgagcgagcacgtactcggatggaagccggtcttgtcgatcaggatga2040tctggacgaagagcatcaggggctcgcgccagccgaactgttcgccaggctcaaggcgcg2100catgcccgacggcgaggatctcgtcgtgacccatggcgatgcctgcttgccgaatatcat2160ggtggaaaatggccgcttttctggattcatcgactgtggccggctgggtgtggcggaccg2220ctatcaggacatagcgttggctacccgtgatattgctgaagagcttggcggcgaatgggc2280tgaccgcttcctcgtgctttacggtatcgccgctcccgattcgcagcgcatcgccttcta2340tcgccttcttgacgagttcttctgagcgggactctggggttcgaaatgaccgaccaagcg2400acgcccaacctgccatcacgagatttcgattccaccgccgccttctatgaaaggttgggc2460ttcggaatcgttttccgggacgccggctggatgatcctccagcgcggggatctcatgctg2520gagttcttcgcccaccccaacttgtttattgcagcttataatggttacaaataaagcaat2580agcatcacaaatttcacaaataaagcatttttttcactgcattctagttgtggtttgtcc2640aaactcatcaatgtatcttatcatgtctgtataccgtcgacctctagctagagcttggcg2700taatcatggtcatagctgtttcctgtgtgaaattgttatccgctcacaattccacacaac2760atacgagccggaagcataaagtgtaaagcctggggtgcctaatgagtgagctaactcaca2820ttaattgcgttgcgctcactgcccgctttccagtcgggaaacctgtcgtgccagctgcat2880taatgaatcggccaacgcgcggggagaggcggtttgcgtattgggcgctcttccgcttcc2940tcgctcactgactcgctgcgctcggtcgttcggctgcggcgagcggtatcagctcactca3000aaggcggtaatacggttatccacagaatcaggggataacgcaggaaagaacatgtgagca3060aaaggccagcaaaaggccaggaaccgtaaaaaggccgcgttgctggcgtttttccatagg3120ctccgcccccctgacgagcatcacaaaaatcgacgctcaagtcagaggtggcgaaacccg3180acaggactataaagataccaggcgtttccccctggaagctccctcgtgcgctctcctgtt3240ccgaccctgccgcttaccggatacctgtccgcctttctcccttcgggaagcgtggcgctt3300tctcatagctcacgctgtaggtatctcagttcggtgtaggtcgttcgctccaagctgggc3360tgtgtgcacgaaccccccgttcagcccgaccgctgcgccttatccggtaactatcgtctt3420gagtccaacccggtaagacacgacttatcgccactggcagcagccactggtaacaggatt3480agcagagcgaggtatgtaggcggtgctacagagttcttgaagtggtggcctaactacggc3540tacactagaagaacagtatttggtatctgcgctctgctgaagccagttaccttcggaaaa3600agagttggtagctcttgatccggcaaacaaaccaccgctggtagcggtttttttgtttgc3660aagcagcagattacgcgcagaaaaaaaggatctcaagaagatcctttgatcttttctacg3720gggtctgacgctcagtggaacgaaaactcacgttaagggattttggtcatgagattatca3780aaaaggatcttcacctagatccttttaaattaaaaatgaagttttaaatcaatctaaagt3840atatatgagtaaacttggtctgacagttaccaatgcttaatcagtgaggcacctatctca3900gcgatctgtctatttcgttcatccatagttgcctgactccccgtcgtgtagataactacg3960atacgggagggcttaccatctggccccagtgctgcaatgataccgcgagacccacgctca4020ccggctccagatttatcagcaataaaccagccagccggaagggccgagcgcagaagtggt4080cctgcaactttatccgcctccatccagtctattaattgttgccgggaagctagagtaagt4140agttcgccagttaatagtttgcgcaacgttgttgccattgctacaggcatcgtggtgtca4200cgctcgtcgtttggtatggcttcattcagctccggttcccaacgatcaaggcgagttaca4260tgatcccccatgttgtgcaaaaaagcggttagctccttcggtcctccgatcgttgtcaga4320agtaagttggccgcagtgttatcactcatggttatggcagcactgcataattctcttact4380gtcatgccatccgtaagatgcttttctgtgactggtgagtactcaaccaagtcattctga4440gaatagtgtatgcggcgaccgagttgctcttgcccggcgtcaatacgggataataccgcg4500ccacatagcagaactttaaaagtgctcatcattggaaaacgttcttcggggcgaaaactc4560tcaaggatcttaccgctgttgagatccagttcgatgtaacccactcgtgcacccaactga4620tcttcagcatcttttactttcaccagcgtttctgggtgagcaaaaacaggaaggcaaaat4680gccgcaaaaaagggaataagggcgacacggaaatgttgaatactcatactcttccttttt4740caatattattgaagcatttatcagggttattgtctcatgagcggatacatatttgaatgt4800atttagaaaaataaacaaataggggttccgcgcacatttccccgaaaagtgccacctgac4860gtc4863<210>27<211>20<212>DNA<213>人工的<220><223>人工合成的引物序列<400>27ggggatcagcgtttgagtaa20<210>28<211>20<212>DNA<213>人工的<220><223>人工合成的引物序列<400>28taggccccacctccttctat20<210>29<211>30<212>DNA<213>人工的<220><223>人工合成的引物序列<400>29tgcggatccagagcagattgtactgagagt30<210>30<211>29<212>DNA<213>人工的<220><223>人工合成的引物序列<400>30ctctatctcgagtgaggcggaaagaacca29<210>31<211>40<212>DNA<213>人工的<220><223>人工合成的引物序列<400>31tttaagcttgaagactatttttacatcaggttgtttttct40<210>32<211>37<212>DNA<213>人工的<220><223>人工合成的引物序列<400>32tttaagcttgaagacacggtgtttcgtcctttccaca37<210>33<211>51<212>DNA<213>人工的<220><223>siRNA的人工合成序列<400>33caccgaagcagcacgacttcttcttcaagagagaagaagtcgtgctgcttc51<210>34<211>51<212>DNA<213>人工的<220><223>siRNA的人工合成序列<400>34aaaagaagcagcacgacttcttctctcttgaagaagaagtcgtgctgcttc51<210>35<211>9<212>DNA<213>人工的<220><223>siRNA的人工合成間隔區(qū)序列<400>35ttcaagaga9權(quán)利要求1.在受試者中治療或預(yù)防胰腺癌的方法,包括對(duì)所述受試者施用組合物,該組合物包含抑制PCDH1,CDH3或GPR107表達(dá)的小干擾RNA(siRNA)。2.權(quán)利要求1的方法,其中所述siRNA包括有義核酸序列和反義核酸序列,其特異地同來(lái)自PCDH1,CDH3或GPR107的序列雜交。3.權(quán)利要求1的方法,其中所述胰腺癌是胰管腺癌(PDACa)。4.權(quán)利要求2的方法,其中所述siRNA包含與選自SEQIDNOs22,23和24的序列相對(duì)應(yīng)的核糖核苷酸序列作為靶序列。5.權(quán)利要求4的方法,其中所述siRNA具有通式5’-[A]-[B]-[A’]-3’,其中[A]是與選自SEQIDNOs22,23和24的核苷酸的序列相對(duì)應(yīng)的核糖核苷酸序列,[B]是由3-23個(gè)核苷酸組成的核糖核苷酸環(huán)序列,[A’]是由[A]的互補(bǔ)序列組成的核糖核苷酸序列。6.權(quán)利要求1的方法,其中所述組合物包括轉(zhuǎn)染促進(jìn)劑。7.雙鏈分子,包括有義鏈和反義鏈,其中所述有義鏈包含與選自SEQIDNOs22,23和24的靶序列相對(duì)應(yīng)的核糖核苷酸序列,且其中所述反義鏈包含與所述有義鏈互補(bǔ)的核糖核苷酸序列,其中所述有義鏈與所述反義鏈相互雜交以形成所述雙鏈分子,且其中所述雙鏈分子當(dāng)被導(dǎo)入表達(dá)PCDH1,CDH3或GPR107基因的細(xì)胞時(shí),抑制所述基因的表達(dá)。8.權(quán)利要求7的雙鏈分子,其中所述靶序列包含來(lái)自選自SEQIDNos1,3和5的核苷酸序列的至少約10個(gè)毗連的核苷酸。9.權(quán)利要求8的雙鏈分子,其中所述靶序列包含來(lái)自選自SEQIDNos1,3和5的核苷酸序列的約19個(gè)到約25個(gè)毗連的核苷酸。10.權(quán)利要求9的雙鏈分子,其中所述雙鏈分子是單個(gè)核糖核苷酸轉(zhuǎn)錄本,其包括通過(guò)單鏈核糖核苷酸序列連接的所述有義鏈和反義鏈。11.權(quán)利要求8的雙鏈分子,其中所述雙鏈分子是長(zhǎng)度小于約100個(gè)核苷酸的寡核苷酸。12.權(quán)利要求11的雙鏈分子,其中所述雙鏈分子是長(zhǎng)度小于約75個(gè)核苷酸的寡核苷酸。13.權(quán)利要求12的雙鏈分子,其中所述雙鏈分子是長(zhǎng)度小于約50個(gè)核苷酸的寡核苷酸。14.權(quán)利要求13的雙鏈分子,其中所述雙鏈分子是長(zhǎng)度小于約25個(gè)核苷酸的寡核苷酸。15.權(quán)利要求14的雙鏈多核苷酸,其中所述雙鏈分子是長(zhǎng)度為約19到約25個(gè)核苷酸的寡核苷酸。16.編碼權(quán)利要求8的雙鏈分子的載體。17.權(quán)利要求16的載體,其中所述載體編碼具有二級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)錄本,且包含所述有義鏈和反義鏈。18.權(quán)利要求17的載體,其中所述轉(zhuǎn)錄本還包含連接所述有義鏈和反義鏈的單鏈核糖核苷酸序列。19.載體,其包含多核苷酸,該多核苷酸包含有義鏈核酸和反義鏈核酸的組合,其中所述有義鏈核酸包含SEQIDNOs22,23和24的核苷酸序列,而所述反義鏈核酸由與該有義鏈互補(bǔ)的序列組成。20.權(quán)利要求19的載體,其中所述多核苷酸有通式5’-[A]-[B]-[A’]-3’,其中[A]是SEQIDNOs22,23和24的核苷酸序列,[B]是由3-23個(gè)核苷酸組成的核苷酸序列,[A’]是同[A]互補(bǔ)的核苷酸序列。21.用于治療或預(yù)防胰腺癌的藥物組合物,包括作為活性成分的藥學(xué)有效量的小干擾RNA(siRNA)和可藥用的載體,其中siRNA抑制PCDH1,CDH3或GPR107的表達(dá)。22.權(quán)利要求21的藥物組合物,其中所述siRNA包含選自SEQIDNOs22,23和24的核苷酸序列作為靶序列。23.權(quán)利要求22的組合物,其中所述siRNA有通式5’-[A]-[B]-[A’]-3’,其中[A]是同SEQIDNOs22,23和24的核苷酸序列相對(duì)應(yīng)的核糖核苷酸序列,[B]是由3-23個(gè)核苷酸組成的核糖核苷酸序列,[A’]是同[A]互補(bǔ)的核糖核苷酸序列。全文摘要本發(fā)明重點(diǎn)描述了通過(guò)將細(xì)胞與抑制PCDH1,CDH3或GPR107表達(dá)的siRNA的組合物接觸來(lái)抑制腫瘤細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)的方法。本發(fā)明還包括治療癌癥的方法。本發(fā)明還重點(diǎn)描述了在所提供的方法中有用的產(chǎn)品,其包括核酸序列,載體和包含它們的組合物。本發(fā)明還提供抑制腫瘤細(xì)胞,例如胰腺癌細(xì)胞,尤其是胰管腺癌(PDACa)的方法。文檔編號(hào)A61K31/7088GK1977044SQ20058001667公開(kāi)日2007年6月6日申請(qǐng)日期2005年3月18日優(yōu)先權(quán)日2004年3月24日發(fā)明者中村佑輔,中川英刀申請(qǐng)人:腫瘤療法科學(xué)股份有限公司